Research

Getting Started We think that Perl is an easy language to learn and use, and we hope to convince you that we're right. One thing that's easy about Perl is that you don't have to say much before you say what you want to say. In many programming languages, you have to declare the types, variables, and subroutines you are going to use before you can write the first statement of executable code. And for complex problems demanding complex data structures, this is a good idea.

Links is an application programming language for the web that presents an alternative to the usual tiered architecture. Typical web applications are written using a model that separates functionality that runs on the client, on the server, and on a database back end. In contrast, Links applications are written as unified programs. When a Links program is compiled, JavaScript that runs on the client, and SQL for the database are automatically generated, resulting in a complete ajax-style application.

There are plenty of object-oriented programming languages in existence including C#, Python and Ruby. So why use Cobra? This document addresses that question. Right now, if you want software contracts in your language, how can you get them? The answer is to use Eiffel or D. What if you want static and dynamic binding? Use Objective-C or Boo. What if you want expressiveness and quick coding? Use Python, Ruby or Smalltalk. What if you want runtime performance? Use C#, Java, C++, etc. What if you want first class language support for unit tests? Use D.

Kite is a programming language designed to minimize as much of the programmer experience as possible — quick development and running time and low CPU and memory usage. As this is a new project, we're just getting things started. Feel free to poke around and learn more!

GNAT is a free-software compiler for the Ada programming language which forms part of the GNU Compiler Collection. It supports all versions of the language, i.e. Ada 2005, Ada 95 and Ada 83; it allows already some constructs of Ada 2012 (i.e. pre/postconditions or conditional expressions). Originally its name was an acronym that stood for GNU NYU Ada Translator, but that name no longer applies. The front-end and run-time are written in Ada.

Ada is a modern programming language designed for large, long-lived applications – and embedded systems in particular – where reliability and efficiency are essential. It was originally developed in the early 1980s (this version is generally known as Ada 83) by a team led by Dr. Jean Ichbiah at CII-Honeywell-Bull in France. The language was revised and enhanced in an upward compatible fashion in the early 1990s, under the leadership of Mr. Tucker Taft from Intermetrics in the U.S. The resulting language, Ada 95, was the first internationally standardized (ISO) Object-Oriented Language. Under the auspices of ISO, a further (minor) revision was completed as an amendment to the standard; this version of the language is known as Ada 2005. Work is currently in progress on some additional features (including support for program anotations) and is expected to be completed in 2012.

Whiley is a hybrid object-oriented and functional programming language. Whiley employs extended static checking to eliminate errors at compile time, including divide-by-zero, array out-of-bounds and null dereference errors. Extended static checking is made possible through the use of an automated theorem prover. Whiley compiles to the Java Virtual Machine and is fully inter-operable with existing Java applications.

Fantom is a general purpose object-oriented programming language that runs on the JRE, .NET CLR, and JavaScript. The language supports functional programming through closures and concurrency through the Actor model. Fantom takes a "middle of the road" approach to its type system, blending together aspects of both static and dynamic typing. Like C# and Java, Fantom uses a curly brace syntax.

Portability Write code portable to the Java VM, .NET CLR, and JavaScript in the browser Familiar Syntax Java and C# programmers will feel at home with Fantom's evolutionary syntax.

Clojure is a dynamic programming language that targets the Java Virtual Machine (and the CLR, and JavaScript). It is designed to be a general-purpose language, combining the approachability and interactive development of a scripting language with an efficient and robust infrastructure for multithreaded programming. Clojure is a compiled language - it compiles directly to JVM bytecode, yet remains completely dynamic. Every feature supported by Clojure is supported at runtime. Clojure provides easy access to the Java frameworks, with optional type hints and type inference, to ensure that calls to Java can avoid reflection.