Research

Welcome to The Apple Museum! The Apple Museum is dedicated to the history of Apple Computer, Inc. and with more than 350 Apple products listed, the most comprehensive Apple history source on the internet.

In 1969 Intel was commissioned by a Japanese calculator company to produce an integrated circuit, a computer chip, for its line of calculators. Ted Hoff who was given the assignment was troubled by the fact that if he utilized standard methods of design the Japanese calculators would be just about as expensive as one of the new minicomputers that were being marketed and it would not do nearly as much. Hoff decided he would have to use a new approach to the calculator chip. Instead of "hardwiring" the logic of the calculator into the chip he created what is now called a microprocessor, a chip that can be programmed to perform the operations of a calculator; i.e., a computer on a slice of silicon.

Computer-assisted news reporting refers to anything that uses computers to aid in the news-gathering process. The introduction of computers in the newsroom has been a gradually developing process that must be traced back to early computing devices. Later advances included inventions by John Napier, Blaise Pascal, and Charles Babbage. A breakthrough in computing was the invention of Herman Hollerith's Tabulator and Sorter. Soon after Howard Aiken developed the Mark I computer. By the 1950s, the computing revolution had begun. The first actual instance of computer-assisting reporting was with the 1952 presidential election when CBS employed the Remington Rand UNIVAC to predict the outcome of the race between Eisenhower and Stevenson. A decade later several pioneers such as Philip Meyer and Elliot Jaspin began to successfully initiate new computing techniques for reporting. Computer-assisted news reports by Clarence Jones, David Burnham, Don Barlett, and James Steele soon followed. By the 1980s microcomputers became commonplace and their introduction into newsrooms occurred in several stages: first, individual reporters bought their own computers; later, organizations purchased them; initially microcomputers were primarily used for word processing but one of the newer purposes was to connect to online databases. Computer-assisted reporting has recently found great success in newsrooms across the country, but it only came about because of the initiative of a few pioneers. For computer-assisted journalism to become so successful, it was necessary for basic reporting skills to already be in place.

History of Software Software that is not generic but specifically for one single purpose machine. It will not run on any other machine. Applications like this are SABRE, the reservation system of airlines, defense systems etc.

Computers, one of the most brilliant human inventions has a vibrant and remarkable history. This website aims at looking into historical aspects of computer related to its discovery and evolution that eventually leads to present-day advanced computers capable of processing complicated information and with high computing capabilities. Earliest reference of a computing device occurs in 1801. Joseph Marie Jacquard, a French scientist invented a loom that weaved punched holes that were stored on tiny hardwood sheets. The plates were inserted into the loom, which read a pattern and processed it in form of a weave.

Personal computers began appearing in the mid 1970's, initially as hobbyist toys that didn't even have keyboards or screens. The first real one, named Altair by a magazine editor's 12-year old daughter who liked a Star Trek episode that took place in that solar system, was built around a jazzed-up calculator chip, the Intel 8080. Produced as a do-it-yourself kit by a company called MITS, it came with 256 bytes of memory. Since it lacked a keyboard, you entered data by flipping switches on the front panel in binary sequence. Because it had no screen, you had to decode the patterns of blinking lights it produced. And it didn't let you store data permanently.

One of the most popular activities on the Web is shopping. It has much allure in it — you can shop at your leisure, anytime, and in your pajamas. Literally anyone can have their pages built to display their specific goods and services. History of ecommerce dates back to the invention of the very old notion of "sell and buy", electricity, cables, computers, modems, and the Internet. Ecommerce became possible in 1991 when the Internet was opened to commercial use. Since that date thousands of businesses have taken up residence at web sites.

1950s 1957 USSR launches Sputnik, first artificial earth satellite. In response, US forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), the following year, within the Department of Defense (DoD) to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military (:amk:)

1 Introduction The history of the Arpanet and Internet in the UK was born from political considerations, but developed to achieve technical aims. Many people were responsible for the way it developed; only some will be acknowledged here.

1961 In July Leonard Kleinrock (MIT) publishes the first paper on packet switching theory, which forms the basis for the creation of the Internet. In August the Helsinki phone company, HPY, tries out IBM 1001 data transfer equipment in Finland.