Research

For those who think the world begins and end with C++, or with Java, here is a very incomplete list of programming languages: just the ones I've heard of, or been told about (not including assembly languages, or special purpose 'little languages' like yacc or nroff).

Today I have compiled a list of ten programming languages with their application domains and little historic background. Also I have mentioned the names of the developers of these languages along with their little biography. I hope you will find this article quite useful. The list is developed by researching through language websites, developers’ biographies and other related search engines.

Most of the language descriptions have been snipped from resource pages conserning them. If you are looking for a development enviroment for a given language and can not find one on the one of the relevant pages listed below, the links on the index page might prove helpful.

This page is more abstract and wide-ranging than other pages of this site. For one thing, it's about languages, not products. Granted, in most cases, using a language means acquiring some development software, but I'm trying to treat that as a secondary question here, to put the languages themselves under the spotlight.

In the 17 Century, the first calculating machines were invented by Wilhelm Schickard and Blaise Pascal (who created the "Pascaline" in 1642). These mechanical devices were remarkable creations but they could only perform specific calculations. Arguably the first programmable computer was the Analytical Engine by Charles Babbage conceived in 1835 but never completed.

To fully understand computer history, it is also necessary to understand the computer programming history. The history of computer programming contains many types of programming languages and some of the best computer programming languages of today have evolved from them. As there are a couple thousand computer programming languages, below is a basic programming language history so you have a general idea of its evolution.

IPSANET was a packet switching network written by I. P. Sharp Associates (IPSA). Operation began in May 1976. It initially used IBM 3705s and Computer Automation LSI-2 computers as nodes. An Intel 80286 based-node was added in 1987. It was called the Beta node.

iTunes is a proprietary media player computer program, used for playing and organizing digital music and video files on desktop computers. It can also manage contents on iPod, iPhone and iPad.

MINIMOP was an operating system which ran on the International Computers Limited (ICL) 1900 series of computers. MINIMOP provided an on-line, time-sharing environment (Multiple Online Programming, or MOP in ICL terminology). Batch facilities could be provided by simultaneously running George 2 on the same machine. MINIMOP was named to reflect its role as an alternative to the MOP facilities of George 3, which required a more powerful machine. Queen Mary College, London, now Queen Mary, University of London, later developed MAXIMOP,[1] an improved system largely compatible with MINIMOP.

Windows 95 About Microsoft XENIX MS-DOS 1.x - 3.x Windows 1.0 - 2.x MS-DOS 4.0 Windows 3.x MS-DOS 5.0 - 6.x Windows NT 3.x Windows 95 Windows NT 4.0 Windows CE 1.0 - 3.0 Windows 98 & 98 SE Windows 2000 Windows ME Windows XP Windows 95 is often considered the biggest Windows upgrade to date. The differences include the fact that it does not require a separate version of MS-DOS, a completely redesigned interface, Plug and Play hardware compatibility, the addition of Windows Explorer, a 32-bit design, the ability to do preemptive multitasking, the ability to use long filenames, and improved multimedia support.12 As indicated previously, some of these items were introduced with Windows NT 3.1. However, because of Windows NT's focus on business and networking, Windows 95 - which is intended for home users - is generally compared to Windows for Workgroups 3.11, the previous Windows release for home users.